Puddle and/or others: Hey, maybe you could help me here. I am going to have to represent the State of Israel in The Human Rights Committee/United Nations Human Rights Council of a Model United Nations. One of the topics I am responsible for is "Human Right violations occurring in the Gaza Strip" (the other is "Criminal Accountability of UN officials and experts on missions"). So, I need to right a position paper (where you state what the problem is, the history of it and your country's position on te issue) on the Gaza issue. The thing is, I see no way Israel can justify its actions. Do you have any good ideas either for my position paper or for a future resolution? Below is the full text of the issues we are debating:
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The Human Rights Committee
The United Nations Human Rights Council is an international body within the UN structure that serves to address human rights violations. The Council is the successor to the highly-criticized United Nations Commission on Human Rights (dissent arose from the high-profile positions granted to states that did not guarantee the rights of their own citizens), and came into existence on March 15, 2006 after receiving support from 170 members (out of 191) in the General Assembly. The mission statement of the HRC states that it resolves to
o Give priority to addressing the most pressing human rights violations, both acute and chronic, particularly those that put life in imminent peril;
o Focus attention on those who are at risk and vulnerable on multiple fronts;
o Pay equal attention to the realization of civil, cultural, economic, political, and social rights, including the right to development; and
o Measure the impact of its work through the substantive benefit that is accrued, through it, to individuals around the world.
Additional to working with the UN system, the HRC works with governments, legislatures, courts, national institutions, civil society, regional and international organizations to strengthen capacity at a national level within the specific countries. The HRC is also committed to strengthen the UN human rights program to ensure that human rights form the basis for the work of the United Nations.
Issues for Human Rights
Required for debate – Main submitters: 1 min, 2 max; Co-submitters: 3 min, 4 max.
1. Question of: Securing the human rights of the Uighur People in Northwestern China:
The Uighurs are a Sunni Muslim ethnic group that speak the Turk language and live in Xinjiang, a desert area in Northwestern China. Xinjiang is an oil-rich area that has been kept under tight control by China since 1990, when a wave of protests resulted in widespread violence in the area. Tension has been mounting since 2008 due to what the Uighurs perceive as an oppression of their religion and economic well-being by the Han Chinese and an indifference of the Chinese government towards investigating these allegations. Riots broke out in July 5, 2009 in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang, when police confronted a protest march by Uighurs that pressed for government investigation of a conflict that occurred in a nearby factory between Uighur and Han workers; furthermore, they were fighting against the closing of mosques on the sacred day of Islam. The riots resulted in 197 dead, and 1721 injured. The Han Chinese retaliated and the result was one of the highest casualty counts in China in recent times. The Chinese government has sought to identify and arrest the instigators of the riots, although it has stated that its policy regarding minorities was not the cause of the outbreak.
2. Question of: Criminal Accountability of UN officials and experts on missions
This issue involves the explicit abuses committed by the United Nations peacekeeping forces when the same are sent to assist politically and economically unstable countries. Although their duty is to relieve tensions involving human rights violations and other internal conflicts, some of these peacekeeping officers are found to be engaging in the same crimes, which include: rape, prostitution and pedophilia. Between January 2004 and November 2006, 319 peacekeeping personnel have been reported and investigated for criminal acts. The actions of these blue-helmet soldiers are undermining the United Nation's credibility and making it more difficult for it to fulfill its mission. Moreover, due to the fact that these peacekeeping forces are given a lot of authority from an international body and because of diplomatic immunity, effective prosecution, trials and/or conviction can be extreme difficult.
3. Question of: Human Right violations occurring in the Gaza Strip
The atrocities committed in the beginning of the 2008 in the region of Gaza have taken the lives of many Palestinians. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been ongoing for years, but this specific uprising was due to missile attacks by the Hamas group against Israeli civilians, to which Israel responded by preparing a retaliatory military attack. The Israeli military has been accused of using white phosphorus in its attack in Gaza—an illegal substance that burns through the skin and violates Human Rights as stated in the Geneva Convention IV relative to the Protection of Civilians Persons in Times of War. The opposition accuses Israel of further infringing the rights of the Palestinian people by settling their troops in and around the Gaza territory; furthermore, they blame the United States for having supplied the chemical based weapons to the Israeli military. On the other hand, Israel justifies its actions by referring to the launching of missiles by the Hamas, refusing to admit any infringement of international law. This accusation is extremely relevant and of interest to the Human Rights Council as is the ongoing targeting of civilians in this conflict.
4. Question of: Guaranteeing the basic right of humans to access safe drinking water and sanitation
Water is essential to life. The right to clean and accessible water is affirmed in Article 31 of the Declaration of Human Rights; in 2002, the United Nations adopted water as a fundamental human right. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), around 880 million people do not have access to a decent source of drinking water and 2.5 billion people do not have access to proper sanitation. Due to the extensive use of water globally and climate change, which is limiting water resources, it is expected that this number will rise to 3.9 billion by 2030. In addition, international disputes over water are steadily increasing. These disputes, which are leading to violent conflict and possibly water wars, go beyond the issues involving the quantity of water, thus involving water right issues, the quality of water, health issues, environmental issues, and, of course, border lines which traverse Boundary Rivers.
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