There are some decent beginner's pages on Sensei's Library (the wiki for all things related to go):
http://senseis.xmp.net/?BeginnerStudySection
http://senseis.xmp.net/?PagesForBeginners
Those are very good places to start for beginner self-study.
However, I thought it would also be useful to put together a rough syllabus of some basic concepts that beginners should aim to familiarize themselves with. You probably already know several of these and will no doubt encounter them as you study beginner guides, but I figure this list would be helpful to point out some things that you might have overlooked. For unfamiliar terms/topics, searching on Sensei's Library will most likely turn up a relevant result.
A Rough Early Beginner's Syllabus
1. Elementary mechanics
a) Identifying groups: recognizing connected vs unconnected stones
b) Counting liberties
c) Understanding capture mechanics, recognizing atari
2. Basic capturing tactics
a) Basic edge patterns for captures on the first, second, and third lines
b) Ladders and nets
c) Snapbacks
d) Capturing races
3. Life and death
a) Recognizing eyes and eye space
b) Understanding why two eyes live but one eye dies
c) Identifying living and dead groups
d) Basic life/death eye space shapes: three in a row, four in row, bulky five, etc.
e) The concept of territory as the eye space of living groups
4. Opening principles
a) Start in the corners, then move to the sides, and finally colonize the center
b) Playing on the third and fourth lines
c) Corner enclosure and approach patterns (very basic joseki)
d) Don't blindly memorize and follow complex joseki as a beginner, developing other fundamental skills is more important
5. General and mid-game principles
a) Sente and gote
b) Understanding urgent vs big moves
c) The balance of influence vs territory
6. Endgame
a) Recognizing when the game is over vs when more gains can be made
b) Identifying moves necessary to solidify positions vs those which are wastful
This list is far from complete, but hopefully offers a rough guide of beginner topics.
Synesthesia
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