There are so many! Let's see.
Anything by Philip K. Dick. He writes both novels and short stories very well. My two favorites would be The Second Variety and A Scanner Darkly.
Dune, by Frank Herbert, is my favorite SF book. I also really enjoyed the rest of the series (the ones written by him), but a lot of people don't really like them. The first is a must, though.
All of Asimov's short stories. His novels are great too, but I think his short stories is where his true genius lay.
Ringworld, by Larry Niven. I hear the rest of the series is good, but I haven't gotten around to them yet.
Rendezvous with Rama, by Clarke. 2001 is great, but this is my personal favorite by Clarke.
The Forever War, by Haldeman. Written as a criticism of Heinlein's Starship Troopers, this is one of my favorite Space Battle novels, but it isn't too well known. If you liked Starship Trooper (or better yet, if you hated it) you'll love this book.
The Vatta Series by Elizabeth Moon. Moon is quickly becoming my favorite author. She writes both SF and Fantasy flawlessly. This series is my favorite Space Battle series.
That's all I can think of off the top of my head, but I'm sure more will come to me.