Ah. A long response. Let's see how well I rebut this.
"First of all, I am not a vegetarian, mostly because of Point 2 (enjoyment-- meat is too tasty), but I do believe that vegetarians' actions are noble and self-sacrificing. I will address points 1 and 3."
Fair enough. Let's see what you got?
"I guess I people shouldn't donate to children with life-threatening illnesses because they might die during surgery anyways."
False equivalency. You fail to provide reasoning for why utilitarianism is the only reason to do this. Right to life and Kantian ethics are also valid reasons to donate to people with life threatening diseases, along with the search for an eventual cure. As such I can still say utilitarianism is bullshit and support this action.
"Animals lose their live; consumers get to stimulate their taste buds."
Also nutrition. Meat is healthy. Also, animals may lose their lives, but a) they wouldn't exist at all without this institution (I'll talk about this more later) and b) you have to do weighing on their lives comparative to human enjoyment. As far as we know animals are not rational actors or sentient (both qualifications that are usually needed to be weigh on the same scale as humans), so you need to tell me why their lives matter more than the enjoyment of consumers.
"It is better not to live at all than to live under the conditions that most farm animals live nowadays. Also, it's quite sad to be created for the sole purpose of being turned into meat."
Hm....the problem is that you will never be able to stop the demand for meat, at least not anytime soon, as such if you care about this it is better to work towards better treatment for these animals, and advocating for transition to different (more humane) techniques is a lot easier than abolishing the institution.
I disagree with the second statement. Often they aren't fully aware they are being bred to be eaten so it makes little difference to them. And more importantly, the actions and things that occur in life are often more important than the purpose. So long as the quality of life is fine I see no reason why existence doesn't outweigh none existence a priori.
"Two of the three main farm animals, chicken and cows, wouldn't exist in their domesticated form if not for selective breeding. Pigs readily revert to their wild boar form, and I like to imagine that their existence would be more meaningful roaming mountainsides rather than penned in a cage."
Yes, but they exist now, and that's what's important. How would they adapt if we stopped the institution, probably not well. As for pigs, perhaps, but that is 1/3 animals.
"Also, an analogy. Slaves likely lived longer lives than their counterparts in Africa, yet would anyone argue that they were better off?"
Quality of life matters, I agree, see above for my response about that. Secondly, I think this is just false, especially with the 33% mortality rate on the journey over and the 20 year life expectancy if you made it to America. Probably life longer as a member of a tribe.
"First of all, animals shouldn't be considered citizens of a country. They should be left alone in the wild and left to run their own societies, many of which are quite intricate. We should consider them part of the wilderness kingdom. Secondly, what laws have the everyday cow you eat broken. Did they kill a man or jaywalk? I don't believe most cows have, and they would be even less likely to interact with humans much less break laws in the wild. Thirdly, we don't eat prisoners or crazy people, at least I don't think."
But (pigs aside) they couldn't exist in the wild. Also, this is just unwarranted why a) the wild is better for them and b) why it isn't okay to use them for our own purposes, is that not how the circle of life works?
As for laws, true, but this simply means they aren't a threat with free, not dealing with the ethical qualms of eating them.
As for prisoners and crazy people. Sure we don't eat them, but we take away a good amount of their rights because of their inability to follow the social contract. Animals have this comprehension even less so.
Overall, not really a response. No justification for why they should be free or how captivity is unjust compared to being eaten in the wild. Let's move on.
"This brings me to my central argument, but I'll get the plant lives matter part out of the way first. Plants may very well be sentient, but since animals are more similar to us (share more DNA), and we know we are sentient, animals are more likely to be sentient as well. Now, here is the most convincing argument for vegetarianism I have heard, and it relates to the environment. Animals are inefficient at converting plant energy (see trophic levels). As such a human who eats plants would get much more energy than a human who eats the same mass of plant converted into meat. Much of the plant food produced today is made for animal feed. Much less land would need to be used if farms only grew food for human consumption, and more habitat could be preserved. Ranching is also one of the leading causes of deforestation in the Amazon."
Yes, maybe more likely, but since it can't be proven ought we ere on the side of caution. If you have qualms with animals then surely the same issues must be true for plants. After all, what is the line for sentience/caring, give me one and perhaps this point drops away.
As for the environment, I can't talk for the Amazon (though that may be an issue). The problem is incentive structures. You can't stop the meat lobby, it's too big, it's too strong. You can only pressure them to change their practices, this is why it is better to focus on changing the practices rather than abolishing the system.
Secondly, just because we need less food does not mean there will be less food. Governments love having lots of agriculture, the US has had a major surplus of corn and the like for several years, and yet it is still heavily subsidized. So even if somehow the entire meat industry was destroyed, you'd still see a lot of the same in the US (though maybe less land would be used). Still, need a significant impact for this to change, and the entire vegetarian movement hasn't been able to change anything, much less individual choice. So you really aren't changing the environment, but if not participating makes ones feel better, it's a valid reason.
"So many people vote that I may as well not vote, since my individual vote wouldn't matter in the big picture. So many people die each day that I may as well go out and murder one more. Anyways, vegetarians are setting a trend. There are more of them each day, and it may very well be that meat-eating could be outlawed in the future and be seen as a stain upon the history of humanity."
Difference is voting is an expected norm, vegetarianism is not. As such the individual action, while more powerful per capita, does not produce enough change to the industry. I think simply advocating for more ethical treatment will do more than destroying the system all together.
Also 3.2% of people in the US are vegetarians, they will likely not rise above 10% in the next 100 years, so the second part falls out.
"That's not true. If demand goes down and prices drop sufficiently, ranchers will be forced out of business thus reducing supply as well. Also, people who eat meat are going to buy it regardless of price. They're more likely to reduce spending in other areas."
Depends on how much you impact them. Do you honestly think that it would be a large enough decrease to eliminate enough demand to drive them out of business? Also, they'll probably just buy more meat, but that's pure speculation.
"See my arguments to Point 1. Animals shouldn't be raised for food at all, and it's better not to exist than to exist for the sole purpose of being eaten. Also see my point on the inefficiency of meat-eating. Organic farming uses even more land than factory farming and is detrimental to the environment."
Responded to and responded to. Not enough justification (a la Circle of Life) and only really asserted. Also, I'm fine with more land being used if it improves the quality of life for the animals. Also I don't think humane treatment requires it being an organic farm.
Anyway, thanks for the response. Hopefully my rebuttal was strong enough.