Hi everybody,
I am Israeli and an old member of this website (8 years and counting).
Let me try to put my perspective on this issue.
First, and foremost - there are no second class citizens in Israel. Israel is a democracy, and all citizens have the same rights.
Having said that, please keep in mind I am not talking about Gaza, which is controlled by Hamas and is a foreign entity, and I am not talking about the territories that are under PLO control - they are also a foreign entity, and Israelis are banned from entering both territories. People who live there have only Palestinian passport, and are not Israeli citizens.
Therefore, I am talking only about Israeli citizens - Jews, Arabs, Druze and others.
Israel has no constitution. Israel has only its Declaration of Independence (which is roughly based on American Declaration of Independence - and has no legal status) and something called 'basic laws'. No law can override the basic laws.
What are the Israeli basic laws? Well, these are the laws that define the 'operating system' of the country. You can find there laws about the parliament duties, freedom of occupation, state economy, human dignity and liberty and so on.
I believe some day these basic laws will form a constitution.
The latest basic law that was accepted by the Knesset (Israeli parliament) is the Nation-State law (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Law ... ish_People).
The law is heavily based on Declaration of Independence, and discusses Basic Principles, Symbols of the State, Capital of the State, Language, Ingathering of the Exiles, Connection to the Jewish people, Jewish Settlement, Official Calendar, Independence Day and Memorial Days and basically this is it. It is a pretty short law, follow the link above to read it. It's almost a one-pager.
There are several perceived problems with the law which are on hot public debate now in Israel:
Problem 1: "The right to exercise national self-determination in the State of Israel is unique to the Jewish people".
Israeli Arab leadership does not agree to this sentence. De-facto, it means that Israeli Arabs are not allowed to create their own Arab state on the Israeli land. BTW, Israeli Druze do not see this as a problem, since it's not in their culture to strive for an independent state.
Problem 2: "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel"
This is mainly opposed by people who believe that the future capital of the Palestinian state will be Jerusalem.
Problem 3: Arabic language was an official language in Israel. It is no longer official language, but retains a "special" status. Nobody knows what it means. However, from my experience in Israel, most official documents will continue to be translated to Arabic as well, road signs will continue to be in Arabic, and Arab education in Arab cities will continue to be in Arabic.
Problem 4: "The State views the development of Jewish settlements as a national value and will act to encourage and promote its establishment and consolidation of such settlements."
This is the only paragraph that makes me move nervously on the chair and I am not happy with it at all.
There are two main non-Jewish groups that oppose the law: Arabs and Druze.
Arabs oppose the law because as a minority that is not always live happily alongside the Jews, feel that the place they live in is a bit less their own now.
Druze, who serve in the Israeli army even with higher percentages than Jews, oppose the law because they were not mentioned in it (pride issue).
This is a declarational law. It does not remove any rights from any Israeli citizens - Jews, Arabs and Druze alike. Except the problem described in (4), I think this is a good law, which does not state anything that wasn't stated in Israeli Declaration of Independence, and just brings the principles in it to a legal status.
Just my two shekels.